KATHMANDU: The Department of Archaeology has clarified that temples and monasteries demolished during the removal of unauthorized structures in Kathmandu were not of ancient or archaeological importance.
According to Director General Saubhagya Pradhananga, the structures dismantled in the squatter settlement area of Balkhu were relatively new and privately owned, and therefore did not fall under the department’s conservation responsibility.
“The department is mandated to preserve only structures that are over 100 years old and hold historical, religious, or cultural significance,” Pradhananga said. “New or privately built structures constructed 10 to 15 years ago do not fall within our jurisdiction.”
Pradhanangae added that a field inspection in the Balkhu area found no evidence of antiquity in the demolished structures.
“Two idols and a shapeless stone were found at the site. The structure was newly built with cement, and no traditional architectural features were observed,” Pradhananga said. “The idols also appeared to be around 10 to 15 years old, and no objects of archaeological value were identified.” Pradhananga noted that a local individual claimed ownership of the idols, which is why the department did not take them into custody.
Pradhananga also pointed out a growing trend of constructing new temples and religious structures in informal settlements, often to promote social cohesion or identity.
“Such structures in squatter settlements are mostly recent,” he said. “In some cases, they are also built to strengthen claims over land ownership.”
Citing examples of ancient temples along the Bagmati River, he noted that such structures are systematically built, supported by guthi institutions, and backed by historical records and community ties.
“We remain cautious during settlement clearance operations to assess whether any structures of archaeological importance exist,” he said. “However, the structures in Balkhu do not qualify for preservation.”
According to the department, criteria for classifying ancient monuments include historical background, documentation, continuity, and construction materials. Structures built using traditional materials such as old bricks, mud, wood, or stone, and those associated with guthi systems, donor records, and inscriptions are recognized as ancient monuments.
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